RESUMO
Introducción. Las bandas amnióticas causan un espectro muy amplio de malformaciones fetales, desde labio-paladar hendido e hidrocefalia hasta estrangulación y amputación de extremidades; presenta una prevalencia que va de 1:1,200 a 1:15,000 nacimientos. El siguiente caso clínico se reporta con el objetivo de describir los principales signos del síndrome de bandas amnióticas. Caso clínico. Madre de 21 años, primigesta, con antecedente de vulvovaginitis en el primer trimestre, sin tratamiento; control prenatal irregular sin ultrasonidos obstétricos. El embarazo culminó en cesárea a las 30 semanas por presentar oligohidramnios severo. Se obtuvo producto femenino de 1,200 g y Apgar 7-8. A la exploración física se encontró pseudosindactilia con zona de anillo uniendo a las falanges por el vértice, pie equino varo izquierdo y pierna derecha amputada desde la región tibial media terminando en punta, con escara en porción distal. Además, en estudio radiológico se observaron las falanges del segundo, tercer y cuarto dedos unidas al centro en vértice y peroné hipoplásico. Conclusiones. Los anillos de constricción, la amputación de una o más extremidades y la pseudosindactilia son signos importantes y consistentes que apoyan el diagnóstico del síndrome de bandas amnióticas, con un mal pronóstico para la función aunque bueno para la vida.
Background. Amniotic band syndrome causes a wide spectrum of congenital defects such as cleft lip, hydrocephalus, and growth restriction of limbs, with or without amputation. The condition occurs in every 1:1,200 to 1:15,000 deliveries. The objective of this report is to define the most important features of amniotic band syndrome. Case report. We report the case of a 21 -year-old female with a first pregnancy. No prenatal care or ultrasound studies were carried out, but the patient reported experiencing vaginal discharge during the first trimester. The pregnancy resulted in cesarean section at 30 gestational weeks because of severe oligohydramnios. A 1200-g female was delivered with Apgar 7-8. The newborn presented congenital amputation of the right leg and pseudosyndactyly of the left hand with a ring constriction of the third phalange of the second, third and fourth finger, a left equinovarus foot and amputation of the right leg from the middle third of the tibial region. These findings were confirmed by x-ray. Conclusions. Constriction rings, limb amputation and pseudosyndactyly are important and consistent features with the amniotic band syndrome. Functional prognosis is nonfavorable, but prognosis for life productivity is good.
RESUMO
Introducción. La mortalidad en pacientes <1000 g de peso ha disminuido de 90% a 55%, desde 1970 al 2000, pero se han incrementado las secuelas y la estancia intrahospitalaria. Métodos. Para conocer las causas de mortalidad en neonatos de <1000 g, se revisaron certificados y registros hospitalarios y para cuantificar se usaron tasas, medidas de dispersión y proporciones. Resultados. En el periodo de agosto-2005 a julio-2006 nacieron 18, 952 pacientes; 152 (0.8%) eran de <1000 g de peso. De estos pacientes fallecieron 98 (64.4%), 54 masculinos y 44 femeninos (1.2:1). El peso promedio fue de 760 g y la edad gestacional promedio fue de 26 semanas (22 a 35). El Apgar al minuto fue de 4-5 en promedio y 6-7 a los 5 minutos. Las causas de defunción fueron inmadurez en 28/98 casos (28%), hemorragia intracraneana (HIC) 22/98 (22%), sepsis 17/98 (17%), hemorragia pulmonar 9/98 (9%) y falla orgánica múltiple 3/98 (3%). Conclusiones. Se observó 64% de mortalidad en pacientes de <1000 g de peso. Las causas de muerte fueron: inmadurez, HIC y sepsis; la mitad de las muertes ocurrieron en las primeras 48 horas de vida.
Background. Mortality in neonates <1 000 g has decreased since the 1970s until now from 90% to 55%, but neurological sequelae and hospital stay have increased. We undertook this study in order to determine the prevalence and etiology of mortality in neonates <1 000 g in an Ob-Gyn Unit of the IMSS. Methods. Causes of death in neonates weighing <1 000 g were obtained from hospital registries using dispersion, rates and proportions. Results. During a 1-year period, 18 952 neonates were born; 152 (0.8%) weighed <1 000 g and 98(64%) did not survive. There were 54 (55.1%) males and 44 (44.9%) females (1.2:1). The mean weight was 760 g, and mean gestational age was 26 weeks (range: 22-35 weeks). The principal causes of deaths were immaturity in 28/98 cases (28%), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 22/98 (22%), sepsis in 17/98 (17%), pulmonary hemorrhage in 9/98 (9%) and multiple organ failure in 3/98 (3%). Conclusion. Mortality in neonates with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1 000 g) was 64%. Immaturity, ICH and sepsis were the main causes of death. Half of these deaths occurred during the first 48 h of life.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of congenital cardiac defects is 8 per 1000 neonates, and it's different if high or low risk populations are studied. The fetal ultrasonographic increase prenatal detection but varies from 7 to 90%. OBJECTIVES: To know the prevalence of fetal cardiopathy and detection in high risk pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A observational study was made in pregnancies women with 16 old week of gestation. RESULTS: We received a total of 3500 high-risk pregnancies and were detected 112 cases with fetal cardiopathy (3.2%). The 30% of them had a risk factor of cardiopathy. The most frequent fetal cardiac defect detected were arrhythmia in 34 fetus, septal defects in 30, valvular defects in 17, hypoplasic or absence of cardiac cavities 16, tronco-conus defects 8, and other 7 included ectopia cordis 3, cardiac tumor 2, abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins 2. The diagnosis increased every year since started study. The prenatal diagnoses suspected in fetal echocardiography were confirmed in 80% of the cases in neonatal period. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of fetal cardiac defect was 3.2% in high-risk pregnancies, four times higher than general population prevalence of congenital heart disease. We found a 30% overall perinatal mortality in fetal cardiac defect. The most frequent fetal cardiac defects found in this screening were arrhythmias and septal ventricular defects in almost 50% of patients.
